Factors affecting the effect of exploitation and exploration on performance: A meta-analysis

Abstract

From a contingency view, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of how exploitation and exploration influence performance. By conducting a meta-analysis, we aim to answer the following research question: How do substantive moderators (slack resources, organizational structure, inter-organizational relationships, competitive intensity, and environmental dynamism), extrinsic moderators (region, size, and sector) and methodological moderators (data sources and performance measurement) affect the impact of exploitation and exploration on performance? The results of the meta-analysis, including 328 correlations, 102 studies, and a sample of 41,298 cases, suggest that the influence of exploitation and exploration on performance depends on the presence of the moderating factors included in our analysis. Furthermore, some of these factors are relevant for explaining a better performance of exploitation versus exploration, while other moderators do not determine a different effect of exploitation and exploration on performance.JEL CLASSIFICATION M10; M19; O3KeywordsExploitation, exploration, performance, moderating factors, meta-analysis1Academic Area of Management, Faculty of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Bogota, Colombia2Department of Management and Marketing, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, SpainCorresponding author:José Manuel Hurtado González, Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies, Pablo de Olavide University, Crta. de Utrera, km1, ES-41013 Seville, Spain. Email: hurtado@upo.es972707BRQ0010.1177/2340944420972707Business Research QuarterlyMarín-Idárraga et al.research-article2020Regular Paper