Publication: Trabajar con el trauma, traumatiza
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García Campos, María
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Abstract
El/la trabajador/a social, con el objetivo de fomentar el bienestar y el
desarrollo social de individuos y comunidades, se enfrenta a situaciones en su
día a día que pueden llegar a ser difíciles y traumáticas. En algunos casos,
exponerse a las experiencias traumáticas de otros/as y de manera frecuente,
puede generar en el/la profesional lo que se conoce como traumatización vicaria;
resultado de un estrés emocional y mental que provoca ansiedad, insomnio y
depresión, entre otros síntomas.
El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es entender cómo surge la
traumatización vicaria y cómo afecta a los/las trabajadores/as sociales. Además,
se analizarán las medidas de cuidado que se aplican dentro de las
organizaciones para mitigar el impacto emocional negativo en los profesionales.
Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cualitativa mediante la técnica
de la entrevista; en concreto, seis entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a
profesionales del Trabajo Social que se encuentran ejerciendo actualmente.
Los resultados esclarecen que todos/as los/as profesionales trabajan en
su día a día con personas que han sufrido o están sufriendo algún episodio
traumático; lo cual hace que tras la implicación y la empatía con la que abordan
los casos, les sea complicado gestionar estas emociones. Sin embargo, según
los resultados obtenidos, con el paso del tiempo y la experiencia laboral esto no
supone una dificultad; aunque para lograrlo, la gran mayoría ha acudido o
acuden a terapia psicológica privada. Las personas profesionales entrevistadas
reconocen que el cuidado y el apoyo organizacional no está presente o no ha
estado en las entidades en las que han trabajado. Además de reivindicar la
necesidad de lo mencionado anteriormente, se reconoce al equipo de trabajo
como factor de protección ante los efectos del trauma vicario.
The social worker, with the aim of promoting the well-being and social development of individuals and communities, faces situations in their day-to-day work that can become difficult and traumatic. In some cases, being exposed to others' traumatic experiences on a frequent basis can lead to what is known as vicarious traumatization, resulting in emotional and mental stress that causes symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. The objective of this research project is to understand how vicarious traumatization arises and how it affects social workers. Additionally, the study analyzes the self-care measures implemented within organizations to mitigate the negative emotional impact on professionals. For this purpose, a qualitative research study was conducted using the interview technique, specifically, six semi-structured interviews with practicing social work professionals. The results clarify that all professionals work on a daily basis with individuals who have experienced or are currently experiencing some form of trauma, which makes it difficult for them to manage these emotions despite their involvement and empathy in handling cases. However, according to the obtained results, with the passage of time and work experience, this no longer poses a difficulty for the majority of professionals, although many have sought or currently seek private psychological therapy to achieve this. The interviewed professionals acknowledge the lack of organizational care and support in the entities they have worked for. In addition to advocating for the aforementioned needs, the team of colleagues is recognized as a protective factor against the effects of vicarious trauma.
The social worker, with the aim of promoting the well-being and social development of individuals and communities, faces situations in their day-to-day work that can become difficult and traumatic. In some cases, being exposed to others' traumatic experiences on a frequent basis can lead to what is known as vicarious traumatization, resulting in emotional and mental stress that causes symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. The objective of this research project is to understand how vicarious traumatization arises and how it affects social workers. Additionally, the study analyzes the self-care measures implemented within organizations to mitigate the negative emotional impact on professionals. For this purpose, a qualitative research study was conducted using the interview technique, specifically, six semi-structured interviews with practicing social work professionals. The results clarify that all professionals work on a daily basis with individuals who have experienced or are currently experiencing some form of trauma, which makes it difficult for them to manage these emotions despite their involvement and empathy in handling cases. However, according to the obtained results, with the passage of time and work experience, this no longer poses a difficulty for the majority of professionals, although many have sought or currently seek private psychological therapy to achieve this. The interviewed professionals acknowledge the lack of organizational care and support in the entities they have worked for. In addition to advocating for the aforementioned needs, the team of colleagues is recognized as a protective factor against the effects of vicarious trauma.






