When basics are much needed: morphometric exploration of twenty-one known species of the Neotropical Carex sect. Fecundae (Cyperaceae) reveals eighteen neglected new species

Abstract

Carex sect. Fecundae (Cyperaceae) is a taxonomically complex group of sedges endemic to mid to high-elevation habitats in the Neotropics. In this study, we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the section based on the examination of >1200 herbarium specimens, fieldwork, and statistical analysis of morphological characters. We recognize 39 species, including 18 previously undescribed. Detailed morphological descriptions, photographs, typifications, distributions, phenology data, and species-specific notes are provided. This revision also presents the first identification key for the complete section in >100 years. Our results clarify species boundaries within Carex sect. Fecundae and reveal previously unrecognized diversity. This work lays the foundation for future phylogenetic and biogeographic research on one of the least studied groups of Neotropical sedges.