Díaz Jiménez, Rosa MaríaHerrera-Gutiérrez, María RosaYerga Míguez, María Dolores2026-01-262026-01-262023International Journal of Social Welfare, 32(4), 521-53310.1111/IJSW.12570https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25824FUNDING STATEMENT The research was financially supported by the Andalusian Agency for Development Cooperation (AACID) (IP:María Rosa Herrera ) from 2017-2020 (Social movements, social participation and gender differences: participant observation study in Puno and Cuzco (Peru); Ref. 2016SEC013). The AACID had no influence whatsoever in the design, execution, analysis and interpretation of data and the content of this article.This is a study on participation in civil society organisations in Peru, which adopts a gender perspective to understand the dynamics of social welfare production in a family model, and in which there is also a preponderance of community intervention in the field of social protection. The study uses a qualitative methodology and an ethnographic analysis based on 21 organisations. The results indicate polarity of discourses between those who recognise gender differentiation and those who consider that there is gender equality. Despite the polarity, differences in roles, quantity and quality of services, leadership, involvement and motivation are shown. The differences identified vary according to the type of organisation, which shows the relationship between the organisations and the intervention in territories-regions.application/pdfenAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/GenderPeruQualitativeSexual division of labourSocial organisationsjournal articleopen access