RT Journal Article
T1 Relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature: their implications in environmentalism
A1 Musitu Ferrer, Daniel
A1 León Moreno, Celeste
A1 Callejas Jerónimo, Juan Evaristo
A1 Esteban Ibáñez, Macarena
A1 Musitu Ochoa, Gonzalo
K1 Parental socialization
K1 Adolescence
K1 Empathy with nature
K1 Connectedness with nature
AB Parents exert a strong influence on several adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about their influence on adolescents’ connectedness with the environment. This study examined the relationships between parenting styles, empathy and connectedness with the environment. The two-dimensional socialization model was used with four resulting styles: Indulgent, authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian. The sample comprised 797 adolescents (52.7% girls) from six public secondary schools who were aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 13.94, SD = 1.28). The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature. It was also observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed higher levels of empathy and connectedness with the environment than adolescents raised by authoritarian and neglectful parents, with males from such families consistently presenting the lowest levels of empathy and connectedness, which was not the case among women. Additionally, women, regardless of the parental style in which they had been educated, showed greater cognitive and emotional empathy with the natural environment, while adolescents raised in indulgent and authoritative families displayed higher levels of empathy and connectedness than those with authoritarian and neglectful parents. These results suggest that indulgent and authoritative styles are stronger enablers of empathy and connectedness with nature.
PB MDPI
YR 2019
FD 2019-07-11
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/22937
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/22937
LA en
NO Musitu-Ferrer, D., León-Moreno, C., Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E., Esteban-Ibáñez, M., & Musitu-Ochoa, G. (2019). Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142461
NO Departamento de Educación y Psicología Social
DS RIO
RD May 9, 2026