RT Journal Article T1 The causal effects of product innovation, web technology and vertical integration on firm efficiency in the fashion industry A1 Hurtado González, José Manuel A1 Herrero, Inés K1 Innovation K1 Product innovation K1 Process innovation K1 Web technology K1 Vertical integration K1 Efficiency K1 Data envelopment analysis K1 Performance AB This paper examines the interaction among product innovation, web technology and vertical integration, and their effects on firm efficiency in the fashion industry. One contribution of this work is that we do not assume the effect of these variables on firm efficiency to be monotonic. Additionally, rather than using standard financial ratios, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to measure efficiency. Our results indicate that product innovation has a monotonic and positive effect on efficiency. On the contrary, web technology, as a process innovation, does not always positively affect firm efficiency: it exerts a negative effect during the first stages of the technology implementation, and then it becomes positive when the implementation is more advanced. On the other hand, web technology moderates positively the effect that vertical integration has on efficiency. PB Routledge SN 1447-9338 YR 2014 FD 2014 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10433/2018 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10433/2018 LA en NO Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, vol. 16 (1): 144¿157 NO Dep. of Business Organizatation and Marketing DS RIO RD May 9, 2026