RT Journal Article T1 One generation after the bilingual turn: Results from a large-scale CLIL teachers' survey A1 Lorenzo Bergillos, Francisco A1 Granados Navarro, Adrián K1 Bilingual education K1 Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) K1 Competence-based learning K1 Teachers’ perception K1 Andalusian Bilingual Program K1 Andalusia AB The bilingual turn required education systems to undergo structural changes in order to adapt to the new situations. These adjustments included better language training for teachers, the adoption of alternative teaching methods, the increased use of ICT and self-designed materials, the curricular integration of content and language and the creation of competence-based assessment guidelines. In order to evaluate the depth of this transformation and the actual effect that it had on students and schools, a sustained observation covering a sufficiently wide timespan needed to be performed. Two decades after the inception of bilingual education in Andalusia—Southern Spain—, this paper will describe the configuration of the Bilingual Program as perceived by the change agents: the school teachers. L1 Spanish teachers, L2 teachers and content teachers adopted different practices and therefore hold slightly divergent opinions. Nevertheless, there exists a consensus on the general benefits of CLIL bilingual education. Drawing from their perceptions, which will be presented for each of the above-mentioned aspects, this paper will counter the most recurrent criticisms that CLIL education meets. PB Universidad de Sevilla YR 2020 FD 2020-12-18 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/20474 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/20474 LA en NO Estudios de Lingüística Inglesa Aplicada, 20, pp. 77-101 NO Departamento de Filología y Traducción de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide DS RIO RD May 4, 2026