RT Journal Article T1 A DEA approach for evaluating the labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry: A case study in Spain A1 Sánchez Sánchez, Francisca J. A1 Sánchez Sánchez, Ana María A1 Borrero Molina, Diego Vicente A1 Pulido Pavón, Noemí K1 Rural tourism K1 Hotel industry K1 Efficiency assessment K1 Labor efficiency K1 Data envelopment analysis K1 Spain AB In this paper, labor efficiency in the rural hotel industry is analyzed while considering the characteristics regarding labor and infrastructure of the various Spanish provinces. The methodological procedure consisted of the analysis of 52 Spanish provinces. As analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multivariate Analysis have been used. Although rural tourism is consolidated in the Spanish holiday culture, the effect of labor efficiency on Spanish provinces is uneven. Performance depends on the geographical area; thus, labor efficiency is only achieved in Asturias and Balearic Islands, where rural tourism has a strong and positive impact on employment. The variable length of stay of the holiday period carries important weight for labor efficiency to be reached in said provinces. It can be observed that hotels located in places with charm and with special environmental protection contribute directly to the labor efficiency of the area due to the direct relationship between the area of protected land and the labor efficiency of the province. Several provincial groups are established with a variety of different characteristics, which confirms that the level of labor efficiency in the sector has yet to be maximized. PB INST TOURISM YR 2022 FD 2022 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/22202 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/22202 LA en NO Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 70(4), 603-623 NO Departamento de Economía, Métodos Cuantitativos e Historia Económica. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. DS RIO RD May 9, 2026