RT Journal Article T1 PHILNet: A novel efficient approach for time series forecasting using deep learning A1 Jiménez Navarro, Manuel Jesús A1 Martínez Ballesteros, María A1 Martínez-Álvarez, Francisco A1 Asencio Cortés, Gualberto K1 Time series K1 Forecasting K1 Deep learning K1 Efficiency AB Time series is one of the most common data types in the industry nowadays. Forecasting the future of a time series behavior can be useful in planning ahead, saving time, resources, and helping avoid undesired scenarios. To make the forecasting, historical data is utilized due to the causal nature of the time series. Several deep learning algorithms have been presented in this area, where the input is processed through a series of non-linear functions to produce the output. We present a novel strategy to improve the performance of deep learning models in time series forecasting in terms of efficiency while reaching similar effectiveness. This approach separates the model into levels, starting with the easiest and continuing to the most difficult. The simpler levels deal with smoothed versions of the input, whereas the most sophisticated level deals with the raw data. This strategy seeks to mimic the human learning process, in which basic tasks are completed initially, followed by more precise and sophisticated ones. Our method achieved promising results, obtaining a 35% improvement in mean squared error and a 2.6 time decrease in training time compared with the best models found in a variety of time series. PB Elsevier YR 2023 FD 2023-03-15 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/19782 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/19782 LA en NO Information Sciences, vol 632, p. 815–832 NO Data Science and Big Data Research Lab DS RIO RD May 4, 2026