%0 Journal Article
%A Gaytán, Á.
%A Moreira, X.
%A Castagneyrol, B.
%A Van Halder, I.
%A De Frenne, P.
%A Meeussen, C
%A Timmermans, B.G.H.
%A Ten Hoopen, J.P.J.G.
%A Rasmussen, P.U.
%A Bos, N.
%A Jaatinen, R.
%A Pulkkinen, P.
%A Söderlund, S.
%A Covelo Núñez, Felisa
%A Gotthard, K.
%A Tack, A.J.M.
%T The co-existence of multiple oak leaf flushes contributes to the large within-tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection
%D 2022
%U https://hdl.handle.net/10433/21822
%X Many plant species produce multiple leaf flushes during the growing season, which mighthave major consequences for within-plant variation in chemistry and species interactions. Yet,we lack a theoretical or empirical framework for how differences among leaf flushes mightshape variation in damage by insects and diseases.We assessed the impact of leaf flush identity on leaf chemistry, insect attack and pathogeninfection on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur by sampling leaves from each leaf flush in 20populations across seven European countries during an entire growing season.The first leaf flush had higher levels of primary compounds, and lower levels of secondarycompounds, than the second flush, whereas plant chemistry was highly variable in the thirdflush. Insect attack decreased from the first to the third flush, whereas infection by oak powderymildew was lowest on leaves from the first flush. The relationship between plant chemistry,insect attack and pathogen infection varied strongly among leaf flushes and seasons.Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering differences among leaf flushes forour understanding of within-tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and disease levels,something particularly relevant given the expected increase in the number of leaf flushes withclimate change.
%K Herbivory
%K Leaf chemistry
%K Leaf flush
%K Pathogen infection
%K Polycyclism
%K Quercus robur
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