RT Journal Article T1 Radicalism and populism do they always go hand by hand? A comparative analysis of the radical left and the radical right in Spain A1 Ramos-González, Jorge A1 Ortiz Barquero, Pablo K1 Populism K1 Radicalism K1 Discourse analysis K1 Spain AB In recent years, Spain’s political landscape has been dramatically transformed from a two-party system, to a new polarized multiparty system. In this sense, two new radical parties are playing a crucial role: Unidas Podemos (UP) and VOX. Despite their ideological differences, both have been defined as populists. In the case of UP this nature has been pointed out, but for VOX it is less clear due to its recent institutionalization. Our purpose is to examine populism regarding these two parties. We conducted a qualitative analysis of manifestos and speeches using so-called Discourse- Theoretical Analysis (DTA) to examine their ideological discursive elements. The results show that the relation between radicalism and populism is not mechanical or self-evident and that there is a need to develop a research agenda that treats populism systematically, not as an empty rhetoric concept. PB Taylor and Francis YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/26195 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/26195 LA en NO Journal of Political Ideologies, 29(3), 597–613 NO Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Pablo de Olavide NO Área de Ciencia Política y de la Administración, Departamento de Derecho Público, Universidad de Salamanca DS RIO RD Apr 25, 2026