RT Journal Article T1 A dynamic sustainable tourism evaluation using multiple benchmarks T2 Una evaluación dinámica del turismo sostenible utilizando multiples benchmarks A1 Blancas Peral, Francisco Javier A1 Lozano-Oyola, Macarena A1 González Lozano, Mercedes A1 Caballero Fernández, Rafael K1 Composite indicator K1 Sustainable tourism K1 Goal programming K1 Cluster analysis K1 Andalusia K1 Acceso solo a metadatos AB How to assess sustainable tourism is a critical issue. Many static sustainability measures have been proposed in the literature, however new dynamic methods are needed to grade the course towards the target of sustainable tourism. In this context, this paper presents a vectorial composite indicator, called Differential Dynamic Index (DDI), that is defined via two components: one dynamic, to graduate the evolution of the destination regarding its sustainability; and the other static, to relativise its position with respect to other territories, evaluating the status achieved in the social, economic and environmental parameters which affect the degree of sustainability. In order to improve other dynamic evaluationsproposed, the DDI incorporates differentiated aspiration levels according to each destination's typology, identified via cluster analysis. This methodological modification guarantees an evaluation that is not biased by the differences existing between the destinations considered in each assessment, and facilitates the definition of more realistic and operational benchmarking practices, improving the existing static composite indicators proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we present a graphic tool called the Sustainable Tourism Evaluation Diagram to make the use of the information of the composite indicator easier. We also illustrate the potentials of the tools proposed via a case study of the coastal destinationsof Andalusia (Spain). PB Elseiver YR 2018 FD 2018-02 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/19693 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/19693 LA en NO Blancas, F. J., Lozano-Oyola, M., González, M., & Caballero, R. (2018). A dynamic sustainable tourism evaluation using multiple benchmarks. Journal of cleaner production, 174, 1190-1203. NO This work was supported by grant from the Andalusian Autonomous Regional Government [SEJ-6728] and partially funded by grants from the Andalusian Autonomous Regional Government [SEJ-332 and SEJ-417] and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [ECO2016-76567 and ECO2015-68856-P]. NO Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Departamento de Economía, Métodos Cuantitativos e Historia Económica DS RIO RD May 9, 2026