%0 Journal Article
%A Hercog, Klara
%A Stern, Alja
%A Maisanaba, Sara
%A Filipic, Metka
%A Zegura, Bojana
%T Plastics in Cyanobacterial Blooms—Genotoxic E ects of Binary Mixtures of Cylindrospermopsin and Bisphenols in HepG2 Cells
%D 2020
%U https://hdl.handle.net/10433/19729
%X Ever-expanding environmental pollution is causing a rise in cyanobacterial bloomsand the accumulation of plastics in water bodies. Consequently, exposure to mixtures ofcyanotoxins and plastic-related contaminants such as bisphenols (BPs) is of increasing concern.The present study describes genotoxic e ects induced by co-exposure to one of the emergingcyanotoxins—cylindrospermopsin (CYN)—(0.5  g/mL) and BPs (bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), andF (BPF); (10  g/mL)) in HepG2 cells after 24 and 72 h of exposure. The cytotoxicity was evaluatedwith an MTS assay and genotoxicity was assessed through the measurement of the induction of DNAdouble strand breaks (DSB) with the H2AX assay. The deregulation of selected genes (xenobioticmetabolic enzyme genes, DNA damage, and oxidative response genes) was assessed using qPCR.The results showed a moderate reduction of cell viability and induction of DSBs after 72 h of exposureto the CYN/BPs mixtures and CYN alone. None of the BPs alone reduced cell viability or inducedDSBs. No significant di erence was observed between CYN and CYN/BPs exposed cells, except withCYN/BPA, where the antagonistic activity of BPA against CYN was indicated. The deregulation ofsome of the tested genes (CYP1A1, CDKN1A, GADD45A, and GCLC) was more pronounced afterexposure to the CYN/BPs mixtures compared to single compounds, suggesting additive or synergisticaction. The present study confirms the importance of co-exposure studies, as our results showpollutant mixtures to induce e ects di erent from those confirmed for single compounds.
%K Cylindrospermopsin
%K CYN
%K Bisphenols
%K BPA
%K BPS
%K BPF
%K BPAF
%K Co-exposure
%K Genotoxicity
%K Cytotoxicity
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