RT Journal Article T1 What Can Boron Deficiency Symptoms Tell Us about Its Function and Regulation? A1 Bolaños, Luis A1 Abreu, Isidro A1 Bonilla, Ildefonso A1 Camacho-Cristóbal, Juan José A1 Reguera, María K1 Boron K1 Boron deficiency K1 Cell signaling K1 Plant growth and development K1 Boron ligands K1 Phytohormones K1 Cell wall K1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) K1 Calcium signaling AB On the eve of the 100th anniversary of Dr. Warington’s discovery of boron (B) as a nutrient essential for higher plants, “boronists” have struggled to demonstrate a role beyond its structural function in cell walls dimerizing pectin molecules of rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII). In this regard, B deficiency has been associated with a plethora of symptoms in plants that include macroscopic symptoms like growth arrest and cell death and biochemical or molecular symptoms that include changes in cell wall pore size, apoplast acidification, or a steep ROS production that leads to an oxidative burst. Aiming to shed light on B functions in plant biology, we proposed here a unifying model integrating the current knowledge about B function(s) in plants to explain why B deficiency can cause such remarkable effects on plant growth and development, impacting crop productivity. In addition, based on recent experimental evidence that suggests the existence of different B ligands other than RGII in plant cells, namely glycolipids, and glycoproteins, we proposed an experimental pipeline to identify putative missing ligands and to determine how they would integrate into the above-mentioned model. PB MDPI YR 2023 FD 2023-02-09 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10433/16745 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10433/16745 LA en NO Plants 2023, 12, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040777 NO Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide DS RIO RD May 9, 2026