RT Journal Article T1 Paradoxes of technology. Reflections on early and late retirement in the digital transition: The case of commercial pilots A1 Elorza-Guerrero, Fernando K1 Discrimination K1 Age K1 Retirement K1 Digital transition K1 Airline pilots AB Discrimination on ground of age has always been a matter of difficult apprehension in the legal field, especially since Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, admitted the establishment on a national basis of justified differences in treatment, in view what it described as legitimate objectives of employment or labor market. Although technological innovation is often seen as a possible vector for the expulsion of older workers, finally it can also constitute an appreciable element when it comes to inducing the permanence of older workers as assets in the labour market. In this sense, this article reflects on the peculiar situation experienced by pilots and co-pilots when making decisions about their professional life, in view of the current legislation, the evident technological advances in the commercial air transport sector, and the imperatives derived from aeronautical safety. PB ADAPT University Press (Italia) SN 2280-4056 YR 2022 FD 2022 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25458 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25458 LA en NO E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, Volume 11, No. 2, 2022, pp. 86 - 114. NO Estudio realizado en el marco de la actividad investigadora del Grupo de investigación UPO-1380994 FEDER-Junta de Andalucía: ‘Bases jurídicas para la mejora de la estabilidad en el empleo de los trabajadores mayores de 45 años’. Investigador principal: Fernando Elorza Guerrero (Profesor Titular de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social). NO Departamento de Derecho Privado. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. DS RIO RD Apr 25, 2026