RT Journal Article
T1 Serum Zn Levels and Cu/Zn Ratios Worsen in Hemodialysis Patients, Implying Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.
A1 Reina de la Torre, Maria Luisa
A1 Navarro-Alarcón, Miguel
A1 Martí del Moral, Loreto
A1 López García de la Serrana, Herminia
A1 Palomares Bayo, Magdalena
A1 Oliveras-López, María-Jesús
A1 Blanca Herrera, Rosa María
A1 Agil, Ahmad
K1 Hemodialysis patients
K1 Zn,Cu, andCu/Zn ratios
K1 Nutritional and biochemicalmarkers
K1 Drug consumption
K1 2-year longitudinal study
AB The objective of this study was to analyze serum Zn and Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios in 116 hemodialysis patients (HPs) over a 2-year longitudinal study at four time points (6-month intervals). The relation exerted on these values by 26 biochemical and nutritional indexes, the age and drug consumption of the patients, and the etiology of their disease were also evaluated. A healthy control group (n = 50) was also studied. Mean serum Zn concentrations were lower (p = 0.009) and the Cu/Zn ratios higher (p = 0.009) in HPs than in controls. Serum Cu levels in HP did not differ to those of controls. At all four sampling times, the mean serum Zn levels and Cu/Zn ratios were lower and higher, respectively, in HPs than in the controls. There was a significant reduction in serum Zn levels and an increase in Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios in HPs from the second to the fourth sampling. Serum Zn levels of the HPs diminish with age older than 50 years. Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in patients consuming antihypercalcemic or anti-infarction drugs, whereas serum Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratios were significantly lower in those treated with diuretics. Diminished Zn levels were negatively correlated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in HPs; however, enhanced Cu/Zn ratios were positively correlated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Both findings indicate an increased cardiovascular risk. We conclude that this study contributes the first evidence of a correlation between marked dyslipidemia and worsened Cu/Zn ratios in HPs, implying an increased risk of diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and depressed immune function, such as cardiovascular diseases.
PB Springer
YR 2014
FD 2014-03-02
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25008
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10433/25008
LA en
NO Reina de la Torre, M.L., Navarro-Alarcón, M., del Moral, L.M. et al. Serum Zn Levels and Cu/Zn Ratios Worsen in Hemodialysis Patients, Implying Increased Cardiovascular Risk: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 158, 129–135 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9921-y
NO Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
NO Hemodialysis Service, Guadix Hospital, Granada, Spain
NO Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, School of Sciences, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
NO Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
DS RIO
RD May 9, 2026