Propuesta de un Nuevo Pacto Fiscal para fortalecer la resiliencia de las finanzas estatales en México
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Sour Vargas, Laura
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
La respuesta fiscal de México frente a las necesidades generadas por la pandemia del COVID-19 fue una de las más bajas en comparación con otros países de América Latina. En este trabajo se analiza el esfuerzo fiscal a nivel estatal en México a lo largo de un periodo de 27 años, utilizando una base de datos panel que incluye a los 31 estados de la República. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un modelo de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (MCGF) indican que la dependencia de los gobiernos estatales hacia las transferencias federales es insostenible, y se concluye que es necesario fortalecer la resiliencia de las haciendas públicas estatales para hacer frente a las crecientes necesidades locales y a los desafíos imprevistos, como los provocados por la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. Como propuesta, se plantea la reconfiguración de los impuestos relacionados con el turismo y la implementación de gravámenes específicos para el turismo basado en la naturaleza.
Mexico's fiscal response to the needs arising from the COVID-19 pandemic was among the lowest compared to other Latin American countries. This study examines the fiscal effort at the state level in Mexico over a 27-year period, using a panel database that includes all 31 states of the Republic. The results obtained through a generalized least squares model (GLS) suggest that the dependence of state governments on federal transfers is unsustainable. It is concluded that there is a need to enhance the resilience of state public finances to address the increasing local needs and unexpected challenges, such as those brought on by the COVID-19 health crisis. As a suggestion, the reconfiguration of taxes related to tourism and the introduction of specific taxes for nature-based tourism are proposed.
Mexico's fiscal response to the needs arising from the COVID-19 pandemic was among the lowest compared to other Latin American countries. This study examines the fiscal effort at the state level in Mexico over a 27-year period, using a panel database that includes all 31 states of the Republic. The results obtained through a generalized least squares model (GLS) suggest that the dependence of state governments on federal transfers is unsustainable. It is concluded that there is a need to enhance the resilience of state public finances to address the increasing local needs and unexpected challenges, such as those brought on by the COVID-19 health crisis. As a suggestion, the reconfiguration of taxes related to tourism and the introduction of specific taxes for nature-based tourism are proposed.
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Revista de métodos cuantitativos para la economía y la empresa, ISSN-e 1886-516X, Vol. 38, 2024, págs. 1-24




