El apoyo de los legionarios a las ambiciones políticas de sus imperatores durante la República tardía
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Suárez Cortés, Carlos
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
El apoyo que los legionarios prestaron a las ambiciones políticas de sus imperatores durante la República tardía no se produjo a raíz de la aparición de un ejército profesional, proletario y voluntario. Aquellas legiones seguían siendo una milicia cívica comandada por un representante de la República. El imperator poseía autoridad legal, tradicional y carismática sobre sus tropas, estableciendo en muchos casos relaciones de lealtad personal que a veces podemos calificar como clientelares. Ahora bien, los soldados no seguían por ello automáticamente a sus comandantes, sino que resultaba fundamental la comunicación entre ambas partes, pudiendo recurrir los soldados siempre al motín para lograr sus fines. Por tanto, el imperator debía convencer a sus soldados para que le apoyasen. En este sentido, las motivaciones materiales (botín, tierras y distribuciones monetarias) coexistieron con las políticas.
The support provided by legionaries to the political ambitions of their imperatores during the Late Republic was not the product of the appearance of a professional, proletarian, volunteer army. Those legions were still a citizen militia commanded by a representative of the Republic. The imperator possessed legal, traditional and charismatic authority over his troops, establishing in many cases relationships of personal loyalty. However, soldiers did not automatically follow their commanders, but the communication between both parts was essential, with the soldiers always being able to use mutiny to achieve their goals. Therefore, the imperator had to convince his soldiers to support him. In this sense, material motivations (booty, lands, and monetary distributions) coexisted with political ones.
The support provided by legionaries to the political ambitions of their imperatores during the Late Republic was not the product of the appearance of a professional, proletarian, volunteer army. Those legions were still a citizen militia commanded by a representative of the Republic. The imperator possessed legal, traditional and charismatic authority over his troops, establishing in many cases relationships of personal loyalty. However, soldiers did not automatically follow their commanders, but the communication between both parts was essential, with the soldiers always being able to use mutiny to achieve their goals. Therefore, the imperator had to convince his soldiers to support him. In this sense, material motivations (booty, lands, and monetary distributions) coexisted with political ones.
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Revista Itálica: revista para la difusión de jóvenes investigadores del Mundo Antiguo, ISSN-e 2444-6777, Nº. 5, 2023




