Publication: La soledad de las personas adultas mayores en los centros de día: estudio de casos.
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2025-05-30
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Molina Rey, Nazaret María
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Abstract
Ante el contexto individualista y envejecido en el que nos encontramos, con una esperanza de vida cada vez mayor, se incrementa la población de personas adultas mayores que viven soledad, objetiva y/o subjetivamente. Realidad atendida por organismos como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Unión Europea (UE), así como por el gobierno de España y de Andalucía, pretendiendo seguir los principios del paradigma del envejecimiento activo y saludable. Entre los recursos que dispone la población para tal fin se encuentran los centros día, considerados un medio para la socialización y atención biopsicosocial de las personas adultas mayores.
Con el objetivo de conocer la relación entre la soledad y la asistencia a centros de día, atendiendo a variables como el género, la edad, el contexto de vida, la motivación por aprender y la satisfacción vital, se realiza la presente investigación desde los paradigmas constructivista y de la teoría crítica, el modelo etnográfico, el método cualitativo del estudio de caso y la técnica de la historia de vida, implementada mediante entrevistas, estructuradas y semiestructuradas, y relatos de vida. La muestra ha consistido en seis personas adultas mayores que presentan muestras de deterioro cognitivo leve o sin él y
que acuden al centro de día Nervión Quality, en Sevilla, así como la trabajadora social y la psicóloga del centro.
Tras la investigación se demuestra la relación entre la soledad, el contexto en el que viven y la satisfacción vital de la muestra estudiada, siendo las personas viudas que viven solas las que más soledad experimentan y manifiestan y menos satisfacción vital muestran. En cambio, todos los sujetos valoran positivamente la asistencia al centro de día como recurso de socialización y ocupación del tiempo libre.
Given the individualistic and aging context that society is in, with an increasing life expectancy, the elderly population that lives in loneliness, both objectively or subjectively, is increasing. This reality has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU), as well as by the Spanish government and the Andalusian government, aiming to follow the principles of the paradigm of active and healthy aging. Among the resources that the population have available are the day care centers, consider as a way of biopsychosocial care and socialization among older adults. With the aim of understanding the relationship between loneliness and attendance at day care centers, taking into consideration variables like gender, age, background context, motivation to learn and life satisfaction, this research has been done using constructivist and critical theory paradigms, the ethnographic model, the qualitative case study method and the life history technique, implemented through structured and semi-structured interviews and life stories. The sample is six elderly adults who show signs of mild or no cognitive impairment and who attend the Nervión Quality day center in Seville, as well as the center's social worker and psychologist. The investigation shows the relation between loneliness, the context in where they live and the vital satisfaction, being the widows who live alone the ones who experience and express the most loneliness and show the least life satisfaction. On the other hand, all subjects positively value attending day care centers as a way of socializing and occupying their free time.
Given the individualistic and aging context that society is in, with an increasing life expectancy, the elderly population that lives in loneliness, both objectively or subjectively, is increasing. This reality has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU), as well as by the Spanish government and the Andalusian government, aiming to follow the principles of the paradigm of active and healthy aging. Among the resources that the population have available are the day care centers, consider as a way of biopsychosocial care and socialization among older adults. With the aim of understanding the relationship between loneliness and attendance at day care centers, taking into consideration variables like gender, age, background context, motivation to learn and life satisfaction, this research has been done using constructivist and critical theory paradigms, the ethnographic model, the qualitative case study method and the life history technique, implemented through structured and semi-structured interviews and life stories. The sample is six elderly adults who show signs of mild or no cognitive impairment and who attend the Nervión Quality day center in Seville, as well as the center's social worker and psychologist. The investigation shows the relation between loneliness, the context in where they live and the vital satisfaction, being the widows who live alone the ones who experience and express the most loneliness and show the least life satisfaction. On the other hand, all subjects positively value attending day care centers as a way of socializing and occupying their free time.






