Publication: Algoritmos verdes y justicia ambiental. Un análisis desde la ética y el derecho
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Morente Parra, Vanesa
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva ética y jurídica, el impacto ambiental de la IA y de la algoritmia en la sociedad digital contemporánea. Frente a la visión meramente instrumental de los algoritmos verdes como soluciones técnicas de eficiencia, aquí se sostiene que constituyen criterios normativos de justicia ambiental. Se examinan la huella ecológica de la IA —consumo energético, hídrico y minerales—, así como las carencias del marco normativo vigente, el cual se centra en el respeto a los derechos fundamentales, la democracia y la salud, pero no hace ninguna alusión a su impacto ecológico. Asimismo, se propone ampliar el principio de fairness hacia la sostenibilidad ambiental, integrando la justicia distributiva en sus dimensiones espacial (interterritorial) y temporal (intergeneracional). El artículo pretende fundamentar una gobernanza ecológica digital capaz de articular la transición tecnológica con la transición ecológica. El objetivo último es avanzar hacia un Estado social, democrático, digital y ecosostenible, donde la justicia ambiental sea condición de posibilidad de la justicia social.
This article analyzes, from an ethical and legal perspective, the environmental impact of AI and algorithmic systems in contemporary digital society. Contrary to the purely instrumental view of green algorithms as technical efficiency solutions, it argues that they represent normative criteria of environmental justice. The ecological footprint of AI -energy, water and mineral consumption-is examined, along with the shortcomings of the current regulatory framework, which focuses on the protection of fundamental rights, democracy and health, but makes no reference to its ecological impact. Furthermore, the article proposes expanding the principles of fairness to include environmental sustainability, integrating distributive justice in its spatial and temporal (intergenerational) dimensions. The work aims to lay the foundation for an ecological transition. The goalis to move toward a social, democratic, digital and eco-sustainable state, where environmental justice is a precondition for social justice.
This article analyzes, from an ethical and legal perspective, the environmental impact of AI and algorithmic systems in contemporary digital society. Contrary to the purely instrumental view of green algorithms as technical efficiency solutions, it argues that they represent normative criteria of environmental justice. The ecological footprint of AI -energy, water and mineral consumption-is examined, along with the shortcomings of the current regulatory framework, which focuses on the protection of fundamental rights, democracy and health, but makes no reference to its ecological impact. Furthermore, the article proposes expanding the principles of fairness to include environmental sustainability, integrating distributive justice in its spatial and temporal (intergenerational) dimensions. The work aims to lay the foundation for an ecological transition. The goalis to move toward a social, democratic, digital and eco-sustainable state, where environmental justice is a precondition for social justice.
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Lex social: revista de los derechos sociales, ISSN-e 2174-6419, Vol. 16, Nº. 1, 2026, págs. 1-32




