Publication: 'Era la tierra doblada con que se peleó arriesgadamente....'Paisajes de guerra y resistencia indígena en Gualfín hacia mediados del siglo XVII (Valle Calchaquí, Gobernación del Tucumán)
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Castellanos, María Cecilia
Villegas, María Paula
Williams, Verónica Isabel
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
Los relatos coloniales sobre el valle Calchaquí a mediados del siglo XVII dan cuenta de un escenario de conflicto. Para octubre de 1659, un grupo de solados al mando de Mercado y Villacorta ingresa a territorio Gualfín dando lugar a uno de los avances más duros en el valle. En este trabajo ponemos en diálogo los relatos sobre la geografía y los paisajes referidos en las fuentes escritas a partir del derrotero que sigue el ejército español hacia estas tierras y la información producida por investigaciones arqueológicas en la zona. Dicho cruce lleva a configurar un paisaje y una geografía en guerra, dejando recuperar la capacidad de agencia de las poblaciones gualfines y la fragilidad de las alianzas establecidas. Se sugiere también un posible origen foráneo de los gualfines, así como una amplia territorialidad que incluía fondo de valle y tierras altas, articulada a partir de prácticas estacionales y redes que involucraban otros espacios y colectivos indígenas.
Colonial narratives in the mid-17th century about the Calchaquí valley reveal a scenario of conflict. By October 1659, a group of soldiers led by Mercado and Villacorta entered Gualfín territory, resulting in one of the harshest occupations in the valley. In this paper, we compare the information about geography and landscapes contained in the written sources about the entry of the Spanish army and the information produced by archaeological investigations in the area. This dialogue leads to the configuration of a landscape and geography in a war conflict context, allowing us to recover the agency of the Gualfines and to strengthen the fragility of the established alliances. We also suggest a possible foreign origin for the Gualfines, as well as a wide territoriality where valley bottom and highlands were included, and that was articulated throughseasonal practices and networks involving other indigenous spaces and collectives.
Colonial narratives in the mid-17th century about the Calchaquí valley reveal a scenario of conflict. By October 1659, a group of soldiers led by Mercado and Villacorta entered Gualfín territory, resulting in one of the harshest occupations in the valley. In this paper, we compare the information about geography and landscapes contained in the written sources about the entry of the Spanish army and the information produced by archaeological investigations in the area. This dialogue leads to the configuration of a landscape and geography in a war conflict context, allowing us to recover the agency of the Gualfines and to strengthen the fragility of the established alliances. We also suggest a possible foreign origin for the Gualfines, as well as a wide territoriality where valley bottom and highlands were included, and that was articulated throughseasonal practices and networks involving other indigenous spaces and collectives.
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Americanía: revista de estudios latinoamericanos de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla, ISSN-e 2174-0178, Nº. 15, 2022, págs. 121-148




