Metodología para la detección de riesgos geológico-geotécnicos en las fases iniciales de las infraestructuras lineales. Implementación para un sistema GIS

Abstract

A great part of budget rises in the building and operating of transportation routes at surface in Civil Engeneering (highways, railways, canals,...) are frequently caused by geological or geological-geotechical factors, including those risks arisen once the works have begun. In this work a methodology for the initial phases of design and conception of linear civil engeneering works is proposed. This methodology consists in the analysis of 12 geological-geotechical aspects or variables (e.g. slope stability, rock mass discontinuities, expansivity, erodability, ripping), each of one is evaluated and clasified in four classes, from 0 to 3 (from favourable to unfavourable). This evaluation process requires a certain degree of experience. In a second step the variables are weighed according to their relative importance and they are implemented using a GIS in order to obtain a characterization of the territory in five degrees according to the risk valoration o f its behaviour in civil engeneering works. In the initial phases o f design this new methodology, o f very low cost but of very high performance, could be very useful because singular aspects of the land behaviour during the construction and operation time should be detected. So, it could anticipate some problems in the construction and operation of the work, usually observed once the work is initiated, whose resolution generally implies in these phases important costs.