Factors influencing dietary inequalities among adolescents in Madrid and Bilbao: a qualitative research project

Abstract

Objective To describe the design and methodology of a qualitative study to explore the main factors influencing dietary inequalities in adolescents in Madrid and Bilbao, Spain. Method The study area included six neighborhoods (three in each city) of different socioeconomic status (SES): low, medium, and high. We sampled 12 secondary schools (six in each city: two per socioeconomic level). Our methodology comprised: 1) developing an ad hoc index to classify all neighborhoods according to their SES; 2) selecting the study area and sample; 3) conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 36) and focus groups (n = 24). Grounded theory and phenomenological analysis will be employed in data analysis. Initially, we found factors influencing in adolescents’ diet such as gender, family environment, and SES. Conclusions Systematizing the selection of neighborhoods and secondary schools, along with using appropriate methods, could serve as a foundation for future studies on health inequalities among adolescents.