Mães de santo (madres de santo) en el Candomblé: los 50 años de la Ialorixá Mãe Francis de Iemanja

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Campani, Giovanna
Herzfeld , Claudia

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Universidad Pablo de Olavide

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Abstract

El artículo analiza el papel de las mujeres en la religión afrobrasileña del Candomblé, considerada por numerosos estudiosos como una religión de estructura matriarcal, a través de la experiencia de la mãe de santo o ialorixá Mãe Francis de Iemanjá. Asimismo, revisa la historia del Candomblé en el contexto de la esclavitud y de la deportación de sacerdotes yoruba desde Nigeria hacia Brasil. Las prácticas religiosas del Candomblé se desarrollan en los terreiros, espacios compuestos por diferentes salas. Los primeros terreiros surgieron en Salvador de Bahía y posteriormente se expandieron por todo Brasil. Los orígenes del liderazgo femenino en el Candomblé están estrechamente vinculados a la fundación de estos espacios religiosos. En este sentido, la creación de la Casa Branca do Engenho Velho constituye un hito fundamental en la institucionalización del Candomblé. Cada terreiro está dirigido por un pai de santo o una mãe de santo. La trayectoria de la ialorixá Mãe Francis de Iemanjá, líder del Ilê Axé Yá Ejá, ilustra la centralidad del poder femenino en las religiones de matriz africana. La figura de la ialorixá trasciende el ámbito religioso, pues actúa simultáneamente como madre, guía espiritual, consejera y administradora. La experiencia de Mãe Francis de Iemanjá demuestra cómo el Candomblé se ha convertido en una fuerza fundamental para la construcción de identidades afrobrasileñas y para la lucha por la justicia social en Brasil.
The article analyses the role of women in the Afro-Brazilian religion of Candomblé, regarded by many scholars as a matriarchal religion, through the experience of the mãe de santo (ialorixá) Mãe Francis de Iemanjá. It also reviews the history of Candomblé in the context of slavery and the deportation of Yoruba priests from Nigeria to Brazil. Candomblé religious practices take place in terreiros, spaces composed of different rooms. The first terreiros were established in Salvador de Bahia and later spread throughout Brazil. The origins of female leadership in Candomblé are closely linked to the foundation of these religious spaces. In this regard, the establishment of Casa Branca do Engenho Velho represents a key milestone in the institutionalisation of Candomblé. Each terreiro is led by either a pai de santo or a mãe de santo. The trajectory of the ialorixá Mãe Francis de Iemanjá, leader of Ilê Axé Yá Ejá, illustrates the centrality of female leadership in African-derived religions. The figure of the ialorixá extends beyond the religious sphere, as she simultaneously acts as a mother, spiritual guide, counsellor, and administrator. The experience of Mãe Francis de Iemanjá demonstrates how Candomblé has become a fundamental force in the construction of Afro-Brazilian identities and in the struggle for social justice in Brazil.

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Comparative cultural studies: European and Latin American Perspectives, ISSN-e 2531-9884, Vol. 1, Nº. 22, 2026 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Ethnic and cultural diversity in the construction of national and global identities: challenges towards culture for sustainability)

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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International