Publication: La degradación ocupacional y sus efectos en la población migrante española
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García Campos, María
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Abstract
Según los resultados obtenidos de la Encuesta de Población Activa (INE, 2022)
correspondiente al cuarto trimestre del año 2022 en España, se puede observar que
el índice de desempleo en la población migrante fue significativamente superior al de
la población española, con un 18,65% y un 11,93%, respectivamente. Este dato ilustra
el fenómeno de la degradación ocupacional, el cual es el tema central de estudio de
este Trabajo de Fin de Grado.
La elaboración de este estudio se plantea como objetivos investigar sobre el
desarrollo personal y laboral de las personas migrantes tras su llegada a España; y
sobre los efectos de la degradación ocupacional, resultado del proceso migratorio. Sin
olvidar, conocer el papel que ejerce el/la profesional de la Educación Social en la
inserción socio laboral de este sector de la población española.
Con el fin de llevar a cabo una investigación completa y rigurosa, se ha optado
por una metodología mixta, la cual combina distintas técnicas de investigación: la
encuesta, la entrevista semiestructurada y la historia de vida. Además, se han
desarrollado instrumentos específicos para cada una de estas técnicas, que permitirán
recopilar información precisa y fiable para el posterior análisis de los datos.
Los resultados determinan que la mayoría de la población migrante trabajaba
con un contrato de trabajo en su país de origen; mientras que en España lo hacen en
mayor medida de manera irregular, aunque la mayoría se encuentra en situación de
desempleo. Además, 11 de las 30 personas que han participado en la encuesta
aseguran depender de entidades para solventar sus gastos, lo que hace que el 50%
manifiesten el descenso de su estatus socioeconómico al llegar a España. Los/as
educadores/as sociales entrevistados/as hacen alusión a la precariedad de los
empleos que suelen ocupar y a la falta de intervención por parte del Estado para hacer
frente al fenómeno migratorio actual y a la defensa de los Derechos Humanos.
According to the results obtained from the Active Population Survey (INE, 2022) corresponding to the fourth quarter of 2022 in Spain, it can be observed that the unemployment rate among the migrant population was significantly higher than that of the Spanish population, with 18.65% and 11.93%, respectively. This data illustrates the phenomenon of occupational degradation, which is the central topic of study in this Bachelor's thesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the personal and professional development of migrants after arriving in Spain and the effects of occupational degradation resulting from the migration process, while also examining the role of social education professionals in the socio-occupational integration of this sector of the Spanish population. To carry out a complete and rigorous investigation, a mixed methodology has been chosen, which combines different research techniques: survey, semi-structured interview, and life history. Specific instruments have been developed for each of these techniques to gather precise and reliable information for subsequent data analysis. The results determine that the majority of the migrant population worked with a work contract in their country of origin; while in Spain they do so to a greater extent irregularly, although the majority are unemployed. In addition, 11 of the 30 people who have participated in the survey claim to depend on entities to cover their expenses, which means that 50% state that their socioeconomic status has decreased upon arrival in Spain. The interviewed social educators allude to the precariousness of the jobs they usually occupy and the lack of intervention by the State to deal with the current migratory phenomenon and the defense of Human Rights.
According to the results obtained from the Active Population Survey (INE, 2022) corresponding to the fourth quarter of 2022 in Spain, it can be observed that the unemployment rate among the migrant population was significantly higher than that of the Spanish population, with 18.65% and 11.93%, respectively. This data illustrates the phenomenon of occupational degradation, which is the central topic of study in this Bachelor's thesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the personal and professional development of migrants after arriving in Spain and the effects of occupational degradation resulting from the migration process, while also examining the role of social education professionals in the socio-occupational integration of this sector of the Spanish population. To carry out a complete and rigorous investigation, a mixed methodology has been chosen, which combines different research techniques: survey, semi-structured interview, and life history. Specific instruments have been developed for each of these techniques to gather precise and reliable information for subsequent data analysis. The results determine that the majority of the migrant population worked with a work contract in their country of origin; while in Spain they do so to a greater extent irregularly, although the majority are unemployed. In addition, 11 of the 30 people who have participated in the survey claim to depend on entities to cover their expenses, which means that 50% state that their socioeconomic status has decreased upon arrival in Spain. The interviewed social educators allude to the precariousness of the jobs they usually occupy and the lack of intervention by the State to deal with the current migratory phenomenon and the defense of Human Rights.






