Publication: Evaluación de la calidad del agua para consumo proveniente de pozos en las parcelas Vega - Las Palmas del distrito de Sixaola, Talamanca, Costa Rica.
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Umaña González, Brayan Alberto
Mena Rivera, Leonardo
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Sixaola es una zona problemática en tema de agua potable, ya que
carece de un servicio público de abastecimiento del recurso, por lo
que los pobladores se ven obligados a buscar acceso al agua por sus
propios medios, como lo son la perforación de pozos en sus tierras.
En esta investigación se llevó a cabo un análisis de calidad de agua
de 12 pozos encontrados de en el área de estudio. A dichas muestras
se le realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y microbiológicos
conforme al Reglamento Nacional para Calidad de Agua Potable
del 2015 a un nivel de alcance N3. Estos resultados fueron usados
para aplicar el Global Drinking Water Quality Index de la ONU
para establecer la calidad del agua para consumo humano. Se aplicó
un análisis estadístico a los datos, por medio de la realización
de un análisis de componentes principales y también análisis de
conglomerados. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos de los análisis
de calidad de agua realizados se encuentra una alta presencia de coliformes
fecales para todos los pozos. En cuanto a otras sustancias
como metales principales y aniones no hubo ninguna que sobrepasara
los límites máximos permitidos de la normativa, de igual
manera ocurrió para los demás análisis realizados. La aplicación del
Global Drinking Water Quality Index, clasifica en su mayoría como
¿Pobre¿ la calidad de los pozos en la zona, siendo el nivel más bajo
que otorga. Estos datos evidencian que el principal problema en el
agua estudiada es la alta contaminación microbiológica a causa del
manejo poco adecuado que se le da al recurso, tomando en cuenta
desde su extracción hasta el almacenamiento.
Sixaola is a problematic zone in terms of drinking water, because of the lack of a public service supply of the resource, so that make the people look for their own means the water access, being one of them wells excavation in their lands. In this investigation a water quality analysis was made in some of the wells founded in the area. For this purpose, six tours around the zone was made, taking into consideration 12 of the wells in the zone. A physical, chemical and microbiological analysis where performed to this samples, according to the Costa Rica¿s Nacional regulation for the drinking water quality from the 2015. This results were used for the application of the Global Drinking Water Quality Index from the UNO published in 2007. The results of this analysis show a high presence of fecal coliforms whit a mean value of 3430 MPN/100 ml being 0 MPN/100 ml the maximum permissible value according to the norm. As for other substances like main metals (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and anions (chloride, fluoride, bromide, nitrate, sulfide) none of them exceeded their respective maximum permissible value. On the other side, the application of the Global Drinking Water Quality Index, showed that the majority of the studied wells had a Poor classification in terms of quality. All of this data evidence that the main problem in the water is the high microbiological contamination coming from fecal material caused by a mismanagement of the resource, including from its extraction to its storage.
Sixaola is a problematic zone in terms of drinking water, because of the lack of a public service supply of the resource, so that make the people look for their own means the water access, being one of them wells excavation in their lands. In this investigation a water quality analysis was made in some of the wells founded in the area. For this purpose, six tours around the zone was made, taking into consideration 12 of the wells in the zone. A physical, chemical and microbiological analysis where performed to this samples, according to the Costa Rica¿s Nacional regulation for the drinking water quality from the 2015. This results were used for the application of the Global Drinking Water Quality Index from the UNO published in 2007. The results of this analysis show a high presence of fecal coliforms whit a mean value of 3430 MPN/100 ml being 0 MPN/100 ml the maximum permissible value according to the norm. As for other substances like main metals (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and anions (chloride, fluoride, bromide, nitrate, sulfide) none of them exceeded their respective maximum permissible value. On the other side, the application of the Global Drinking Water Quality Index, showed that the majority of the studied wells had a Poor classification in terms of quality. All of this data evidence that the main problem in the water is the high microbiological contamination coming from fecal material caused by a mismanagement of the resource, including from its extraction to its storage.
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Rodríguez-Mateo, Juan Ramón (ed.). Centroamérica. Agua, cultura y territorio. Actas del primer Congreso Internacional. Heredia, Costa Rica, noviembre 2016. Sevilla: CEI Cambio, Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Heredia: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, 2017.




