Publication: Eficiencia operativa, financiera y económica de PEMEX: un análisis envolvente de datos del período 2011-2021
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Martínez Hernández, Junior Alfredo
Gaytán Alfaro, Edgar David
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
La eficiencia técnica de PEMEX representa un aspecto esencial en el entendimiento de su capacidad para potenciar la rentabilidad petrolera y, en consecuencia, incrementar la calidad de vida de un gran número de mexicanos. A pesar de los significativos cambios derivados de la Reforma Energética de 2013 y el notable plan de inversión promovido por la administración actual, PEMEX sigue enfrentando retos considerables en términos de eficiencia y desempeño. Para evaluar su eficiencia técnica en sus facetas operativa, financiera y económica, recurrimos a un modelo de programación lineal fundamentado en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). Los resultados obtenidos exhiben que PEMEX muestra resultados de eficiencia superiores a la media de la muestra, en sus indicadores operativos y financieros, sin embargo, dispone de un amplio margen de mejora en métricas de desempeño económico. Finalmente, delineamos un conjunto de posibles soluciones para abordar las cuestiones de gobernanza corporativa y fiscal de dicha empresa, con el objetivo de mejorar su eficiencia técnica.
PEMEX’s technical efficiency represents an essential aspect in understanding its ability to enhance oil profitability and, consequently, increase the quality of life of a large number of Mexicans. Despite the significant changes derived from the 2013 Energy Reform and the notable investment plan promoted by the current administration PEMEX continues to face considerable challenges in efficiency and performance terms. To evaluate its technical efficiency in operational, financial, and economic aspects, we employed a linear programming model based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results obtained demonstrate that PEMEX exhibits efficiency scores above the sample average in its operational and financial indicators. However, there is significant room for improvement in its economic performance metrics. Finally, we outline a set of possible solutions to address the corporate and tax governance issues of said company, with the aim of improving its technical efficiency.
PEMEX’s technical efficiency represents an essential aspect in understanding its ability to enhance oil profitability and, consequently, increase the quality of life of a large number of Mexicans. Despite the significant changes derived from the 2013 Energy Reform and the notable investment plan promoted by the current administration PEMEX continues to face considerable challenges in efficiency and performance terms. To evaluate its technical efficiency in operational, financial, and economic aspects, we employed a linear programming model based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results obtained demonstrate that PEMEX exhibits efficiency scores above the sample average in its operational and financial indicators. However, there is significant room for improvement in its economic performance metrics. Finally, we outline a set of possible solutions to address the corporate and tax governance issues of said company, with the aim of improving its technical efficiency.
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Revista de métodos cuantitativos para la economía y la empresa, ISSN-e 1886-516X, Vol. 39, 2025, págs. 1-39




