Publication: Gobernanza del agua en Distritos de Riego de Costa Rica: El Distrito de Riego Arenal-Tempisque (DRAT).
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Mora Montero, Juan Carlos
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Presentamos un análisis de la gobernanza del agua en el único Distrito
de Riego existente en el país a partir de la aplicación del marco
analítico desarrollado por Marc Hufty, denominado Marco Analítico
de la Gobernanza; en donde se parte del reconocimiento de cinco
unidades analíticas: problema, actores, puntos nodales, normas
y procesos. Este modelo analítico, que responde a la corriente de
análisis multinivel relacionada directamente con la gobernanza en
territorios, permite evidenciar cómo en esa unidad hidro-territorial,
donde se da servicio de riego a 30 mil hectáreas, se aglutinan los
elementos clave para aplicar un modelo de análisis de las dinámicas
sociales, culturales, políticas, económicas y ambientales que se desarrollan
a partir de un recurso de uso común como lo es el agua. El
agua en la zona del DRAT transformó de manera radical los usos del
suelo, la cultura de producción en secano, la dinámica económica,
el paisaje, entre otras cosas; sin embargo en términos de gobernanza
persiste un modelo de operación paternalista con incipientes iniciativas
por integrar otros actores en la gestión del DRAT. A pesar de que
es posible reconocer la existencia de arreglos institucionales que ofrecen
un gran potencial para coordinar la operación del Distrito con
la sociedad civil, empresa privada y otras instituciones, finalmente
los mismos solo han funcionado en condiciones de emergencias; es
el caso de cuando algún evento climático extremo ha dañado la infraestructura
y se ha logrado una alianza con la empresa privada para
atender con prontitud el problema. No obstante, existe un modelo
de gobernanza que ha funcionado por más de 30 años de operación
que tiene el Distrito y que es distinto a las experiencias que se conocen
tanto en América Latina como España.
The paper presents an analysis of water governance in the only existing Irrigation District in the country from the application of the analytical framework developed by Marc Hufty called Analytical Framework and Governance (GAF); where it is based on the recognition of five analytical units: problem, actors, nodal points, standards and processes. This analytical model of governance, which responds to the current multilevel analysis directly related to governance territories, makes evident as in the hydro-territorial unit is the DRAT where service irrigation to 30,000 hectares given, coalesce the key to applying a model of analysis of the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors that are developed from a common resource such as water elements. The water in the area DRAT (of the driest and hottest in the country) radically transformed land use, culture production in rainfed economic dynamics, the landscape, among other things; however in terms of governance paternalistic model operation with incipient initiatives to integrate other actors in the management of DRAT persists. Although it is possible to recognize the existence of different institutional arrangements that offer great potential for coordinating the operation of the District with civil society, private enterprise and other institutions finally these have only worked in emergency conditions in the District; is the case when an extreme weather event has damaged the infrastructure and has made an alliance with the private sector to address the problem promptly. However, there is a governance model that has worked for more than 30 years of operation has the District and that is different from the experiences known in Latin America and Spain and is being analyzed in depth in the paper.
The paper presents an analysis of water governance in the only existing Irrigation District in the country from the application of the analytical framework developed by Marc Hufty called Analytical Framework and Governance (GAF); where it is based on the recognition of five analytical units: problem, actors, nodal points, standards and processes. This analytical model of governance, which responds to the current multilevel analysis directly related to governance territories, makes evident as in the hydro-territorial unit is the DRAT where service irrigation to 30,000 hectares given, coalesce the key to applying a model of analysis of the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors that are developed from a common resource such as water elements. The water in the area DRAT (of the driest and hottest in the country) radically transformed land use, culture production in rainfed economic dynamics, the landscape, among other things; however in terms of governance paternalistic model operation with incipient initiatives to integrate other actors in the management of DRAT persists. Although it is possible to recognize the existence of different institutional arrangements that offer great potential for coordinating the operation of the District with civil society, private enterprise and other institutions finally these have only worked in emergency conditions in the District; is the case when an extreme weather event has damaged the infrastructure and has made an alliance with the private sector to address the problem promptly. However, there is a governance model that has worked for more than 30 years of operation has the District and that is different from the experiences known in Latin America and Spain and is being analyzed in depth in the paper.
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Rodríguez-Mateo, Juan Ramón (ed.). Centroamérica. Agua, cultura y territorio. Actas del primer Congreso Internacional. Heredia, Costa Rica, noviembre 2016. Sevilla: CEI Cambio, Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Heredia: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, 2017.




