Publication: El despido en transición: garantías preventivas, ajustes razonables y reconfiguración del poder extintivo
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Vila Tierno, Francisco
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
El presente trabajo pretende reflejar el análisis de la evolución reciente del régimen jurídico del despido en nuestro país, identificando una reformulación de su planteamiento, pasando de un modelo correctivo-indemnizatorio hacia una configuración preventivo-garantista. Se examina, a estos efectos, la influencia de la consolidación jurisprudencial de la audiencia previa tras la STS 1250/2024, de 18 de noviembre, la reforma del artículo 49.1 n) del Estatuto de los Trabajadores y la centralidad de los ajustes razonables como límite estructural al poder extintivo empresarial. La cuestión que se plantea es determinar si nos encontramos ante una auténtica reconfiguración sistemática del despido como institución.
This paper analyses the recent evolution of Spanish dismissal law, identifying a reformulation of its underlying rationale, shifting from a compensatory model towards a preventive and guarantee-based framework. It examines the impact of the consolidation of the prior hearing requirement following Supreme Court Judgment 1250/2024 (18 November), the reform of Article 49.1 n) of the Workers’ Statute, and the central role of reasonable accommodation as a structural limit to employer termination powers. The key question is whether these developments amount to a genuine systematic reconfiguration of dismissal as a legal institution.
This paper analyses the recent evolution of Spanish dismissal law, identifying a reformulation of its underlying rationale, shifting from a compensatory model towards a preventive and guarantee-based framework. It examines the impact of the consolidation of the prior hearing requirement following Supreme Court Judgment 1250/2024 (18 November), the reform of Article 49.1 n) of the Workers’ Statute, and the central role of reasonable accommodation as a structural limit to employer termination powers. The key question is whether these developments amount to a genuine systematic reconfiguration of dismissal as a legal institution.
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Keywords
Despido
Modelo preventivo-garantista
Audiencia previa
Reforma del artículo 49.1 n) ET
Ajustes razonables
Poder extintivo empresarial
Reconfiguración sistemática
Dismissal
Preventive and guarantee-based model
Prior hearing
Reform of Article 49.1 n) of the Workers’ Statute
Reasonable accommodation
Employer termination powers
Systematic reconfiguration
Modelo preventivo-garantista
Audiencia previa
Reforma del artículo 49.1 n) ET
Ajustes razonables
Poder extintivo empresarial
Reconfiguración sistemática
Dismissal
Preventive and guarantee-based model
Prior hearing
Reform of Article 49.1 n) of the Workers’ Statute
Reasonable accommodation
Employer termination powers
Systematic reconfiguration
Bibliographic reference
Lex social: revista de los derechos sociales, ISSN-e 2174-6419, Nº. 16, 1, 2026, págs. 1-23




