Publication: Delimitación normativa del despido colectivo en la Unión Europea. Evolución histórica y extinciones “de hecho”
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Ana María Castro Franco
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Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Abstract
El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar la institución del despido colectivo y trazar su evolución histórica a través de las normas articuladas en el Derecho de la Unión y el Derecho interno en España. Aportar una definición general exige comprender su origen, situando el punto de mira en las reformas legislativas acaecidas en los últimos años como consecuencia de las sucesivas crisis económicas y sanitaria. Precisamente, las modificaciones han estado encaminadas a alcanzar un equilibrio sostenible entre la situación de mercado —marcada por altas tasas de desempleo e insolvencia—, los intereses de las empresas y la necesaria protección de los trabajadores. La regulación de las reestructuraciones es, en realidad, muy diferente de la ordenación de los despidos individuales, no solo en los tipos de procedimientos legales previstos, sino también en sus objetivos. En la práctica, la alternativa a la terminación colectiva no es la ausencia de la misma, sino varios despidos individuales que, sin haber seguido los trámites oportunos, plantean desafíos jurídicos de envergadura, pero con proyección trascedente a la gestión y responsabilidad social.
The aim of this study is to analyse the institution of collective redundancy and to trace its historical evolution through the rules articulated in EU law and domestic law in Spain. Providing a general definition requires an understanding of its origins, focusing on the legislative reforms that have taken place in recent years as a result of the successive economic and health crises. Precisely, the changes have been aimed at achieving a sustainable balance between the market situation —marked by high unemployment and insolvency rates—, the interests of companies and the necessary protection of workers. The regulation of restructuring is in fact very different from the regulation of individual dismissals, not only in the types of legal procedures envisaged, but also in its objectives. In practice, the alternative to collective termination is not the absence of collective termination, but rather a number of individual dismissals which, without having followed the appropriate procedures, pose major legal challenges, but with a far-reaching impact on management and social responsibility.
The aim of this study is to analyse the institution of collective redundancy and to trace its historical evolution through the rules articulated in EU law and domestic law in Spain. Providing a general definition requires an understanding of its origins, focusing on the legislative reforms that have taken place in recent years as a result of the successive economic and health crises. Precisely, the changes have been aimed at achieving a sustainable balance between the market situation —marked by high unemployment and insolvency rates—, the interests of companies and the necessary protection of workers. The regulation of restructuring is in fact very different from the regulation of individual dismissals, not only in the types of legal procedures envisaged, but also in its objectives. In practice, the alternative to collective termination is not the absence of collective termination, but rather a number of individual dismissals which, without having followed the appropriate procedures, pose major legal challenges, but with a far-reaching impact on management and social responsibility.
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Lex social: revista de los derechos sociales, ISSN-e 2174-6419, Vol. 14, Nº. 2, 2024, 72 págs.




