Strengthening Basic Vocational Training (Formación Profesional Básica) as a Second-Chance Pathway: A Socio-educational Intervention Proposal.

Abstract

The present Final Degree Project is focuses on the role of Basic Vocational Training as an educational alternative for students in vulnerable situations. Before discussing Basic Vocational Training, a review and analysis of early school dropout is conducted, describing it as a complex and multi-causal phenomenon related to multiple factors beyond academic failure, such as individual, social, family, motivational, and relational factors. The theory of recognition and the social and educational approaches promoted by Social Education help us understand the process of school disengagement and offer comprehensive and adequate responses. The intervention is designed to be carried out at the IES Alumnia High School in Jerez de la Frontera. For the reality analysis, 3 interviews are conducted: a former female student and a former male student of Basic Vocational Training, and the counsellor from the IES Alumnia institute. After this reality analysis, the results corroborate what was examined in the theoretical framework. After learning about the interviewees' experiences, we see that they show experiences marked by academic demotivation, a lack of study routine, and the influence of personal and family factors. In this way, the strengthening of academic guidance, motivational reinforcement, and the development of socio-educational support tailored to the individual needs of each student are identified as priority needs. After this analysis of reality, the design of a socio-educational intervention project is undertaken with the aim of reinforcing Basic Vocational Training as a means to remain in the educational system for those students who show disengagement and as a bridge to the labour market. Through the proposed activities, the aim is to provide personalised guidance focused on the needs and abilities of the students, working through participatory and reflective sessions. In conclusion, this Final Degree Project advocates for the need to strengthen Basic Vocational Training. It represents an educational alternative and serves as a space for support, recognition, and inclusion. Moreover, thanks to the role played by Social Education in this guidance process, work is done on the socio-educational needs of the students, thus preventing early school dropout.